realiostats · RIO circulating supply across every chain

Emissions & supply integrity

New RIO is created only through scheduled block-reward emissions, paid in RIO to stakers, and capped at 175M. Bridging moves RIO between chains but never changes the global total, so the global supply should grow only at the scheduled rate. We check that every day.

Emission rate

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of unminted native supply, per year

Expected new RIO

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per day

Long-term cap

175M

~38-year emission schedule

Observed net-new

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accruing daily

Building the daily baseline. As readings accrue, this confirms whether global RIO supply is growing within the scheduled emission and flags anything above it.

Emission parameters are read live from Realio's on-chain mint module (/realionetwork/mint/v1/params). The 8% is charged on the unminted native supply, the gap between native supply and the 175M cap, so the amount of new RIO declines as the cap is approached. Bridging is burn-and-mint, so it nets to zero across chains; only block-reward emission, minus burns, changes the global total.

Circulating supply, chain by chain

Each figure is public float on that chain: total minted, minus any Realio-controlled wallets. Every number is verifiable on that chain's explorer.

Total across all chains, counted once —

What we exclude, and why

These balances sit in Realio-controlled wallets, so they are treated as non-circulating and subtracted from the figures above. Addresses are listed so anyone can check.

Base is also excluded from the sum: its ~2M is lock-and-minted against RIO held in the Base bridge on Ethereum, so it is already counted inside the Ethereum figure. The native bridge module holds 0 RIO, which is what confirms balances add up rather than double-count.

How circulating supply has evolved

From the 30 October 2024 migration, when the Ethereum and BNB tokens were re-issued and the bridge switched from a reserve/lock model to burn-and-mint. Each colour is one chain's circulating float; stacked together they make up the multichain total. Values in millions of RIO.

The shaded period marks the one-time post-migration bridge ramp: as the burn-and-mint system was populated, supply expanded across chains (BSC alone went ~119M to ~163M, verified on-chain via archival reads). Supply has been roughly flat since. Bands stack to the total circulating supply. Solid points are live daily readings from this project; earlier points are reconstructed from on-chain archival data (rio_supply_history.csv). Stellar and Algorand public float is held flat before the live period, as the history of their Realio-controlled wallets was not reconstructed. The dashed 175M line is the network's long-term emission cap, shown only as a reference for scale.

Where today's supply came from

The post-migration bridge really is burn-and-mint, and it can be checked. Below is the full mint and burn ledger of the two main EVM contracts, pulled event by event since the October 2024 migration and reconciled against their live on-chain supply. It also shows why the multichain total sits so far above the native figure.

New contract (since Oct 2024)	Minted	Burned	Net	Live supply
BNB Chain	275.4M	119.5M	156.0M	155.9M ✓
Ethereum	134.7M	63.8M	70.9M	70.9M ✓
Both contracts	410.1M	183.3M	226.8M	reconciles

What this shows

Two things. First, the bridge genuinely burns as well as mints: about 183M RIO has been burned across the two contracts, roughly 45% of everything ever minted on them. RIO moves off these chains as well as onto them, so this is not one-way issuance. Every net figure above matches the contract's live totalSupply to within a rounding margin, so the capture is complete.

Second, the two live EVM contracts alone hold about 227M RIO. That is more than the Realio native chain has ever held (around 85M today) and more than its entire 175M long-term cap. Most RIO on these chains therefore cannot have come from native emission bridged out, because native has never been large enough to be the source. It traces instead to direct token mints on Ethereum in 2020 and on BNB Chain in 2023, which predate the burn-and-mint bridge, plus the October 2024 migration that re-issued balances onto new contracts while the old contracts (about 149M combined) were left in place rather than burned.

So the ongoing bridge is consistent and two-way, but the size of the cross-chain supply is a legacy of historical direct issuance, not of the native emission schedule. We present this as measurement, not accusation, and we invite the team to publish the full cross-chain reconciliation.

Method: every ERC-20 Transfer from the zero address (a mint) and to the zero address (a burn) on each contract since block of the 30 October 2024 migration, summed and checked against totalSupply. Both chains use the RIO contract at 0x94a8…1aa0. Native lifetime issuance is bounded by the 8% schedule and the 175M cap, so it cannot exceed roughly 90M over the chain's life to date, far below the multichain total. The audit is fully reproducible from public data.

How the numbers are calculated

One conventional approach, applied consistently. The full methodology and the code that produces these numbers are open source and update daily in public.

Counted unless shown otherwise

Any RIO in a public wallet on-chain is treated as circulating float, unless we can identify it as a Realio-controlled reserve, treasury or bridge balance.

Staked RIO is included

Tokens bonded to validators are owned by the public and can be unbonded within seven days and sold, so they count, consistent with standard tracker methodology.

Each token counted once

Lock-and-mint wrappers (Base) are counted only on the origin chain; the burn-and-mint chains hold no locked collateral, verified on-chain, so their balances are additive rather than double-counted.

Team-controlled wallets removed

RIO in Realio reserve, treasury or idle bridge wallets is not public float and is subtracted. Every excluded address is published above and links to its explorer.

Frequently asked questions

The questions RIO holders ask most, answered plainly. Where we cannot be certain, we say so rather than guess.

Why is circulating supply around 326M when RIO's cap is 175M?

The 175M is a long-term emission cap, not the current supply. It is the ceiling that native block-reward issuance approaches gradually over roughly 38 years. RIO's original 2019 whitepaper cap was 75M, and governance raised it to 175M in October 2024. The ~326M figure is something different: it is the RIO that is live and tradable across every chain today, counted once. One describes future native issuance, the other describes today's cross-chain reality. Both are real; they have simply never been reconciled in a single public number.

Which number is right: 85M, 175M, or 326M?

All three are real and answer different questions. ~85M is the supply on the Realio native chain alone, which is what native block explorers show. 175M is the long-term native emission cap. ~326M is the sum of public, tradable RIO across all seven chains, counted once. None is wrong; they measure different things, and this site's job is to show the cross-chain figure the others leave out.

Is my RIO being diluted, and how fast does supply grow?

New RIO is created only through scheduled block-reward emissions, currently about 8% per year charged on the unminted native supply, meaning the gap between native supply today and the 175M cap (read live from Realio's on-chain mint module). Because that gap shrinks as the cap is approached, the amount of new RIO falls a little each year, and the 175M is reached only gradually, over roughly 38 years. So there is real, ongoing inflation. It is not zero, but it is bounded, scheduled, and transparent rather than open-ended. You can watch it on the Emissions panel above.

If emission is 8%, why is the staking APR lower (around 5.5%) and always changing?

Because the two numbers measure different things. The 8% is charged on the unminted native supply, the gap between what is on the native chain today (about 85M) and the 175M cap, which is roughly 7.2M new RIO a year. Because that gap shrinks as the cap fills, the amount minted falls a little every year, which is why the 175M is reached only gradually, over roughly 38 years. Your staking yield is what is left after that new RIO is shared out, and three things reduce it. First, and biggest: Realio uses multi-staking, so validators are secured by RIO, RST and DSTRX together. The total bonded base is around 130M, larger than RIO's entire supply, and the freshly minted RIO is split across all of it, not just across staked RIO. Second, a 2% community tax is taken off the top before rewards are distributed. Third, if you delegate, your validator's commission comes off your share. The arithmetic works out: roughly 7.2M new RIO, less 2%, over a roughly 130M bonded base lands near 5.5%. It keeps moving because both sides move every block: supply grows with each mint, and the bonded base shifts as people stake and unstake the three assets. This is a yield figure, not part of the supply count, and RIO staking rewards are always paid in RIO.

Can the team mint unlimited RIO?

No. New issuance is governed by the on-chain mint module (the ~8% schedule) and the 175M governance cap. One thing we flag honestly: it is not fully clear from public data whether bridging RIO back to the native chain could mint native supply beyond that cap, independent of block rewards. Only the team's complete bridge records can settle it, which is one of the open questions we invite them to answer.

Why did supply jump so much in 2024 and 2025?

That rise (the shaded band on the chart) was a one-time event: the October 2024 migration to a burn-and-mint bridge, during which the new contracts were populated and supply expanded across chains as the system came online. BSC alone went from ~119M to ~163M over that window, which we verified directly against archival on-chain reads. Since about mid-2025 the total has been roughly flat, consistent with the low, scheduled emission described above.

Does bridging create new RIO?

No. RIO moves between chains through a burn-and-mint bridge: it is burned on the origin chain and minted on the destination, so the same coin never exists in two places, and the global total across all chains is unchanged by bridging. Only block-reward emission, minus burns, changes the global supply. That is why we sum across chains and count each token once.

Can I verify these numbers myself?

Yes, that is the whole point. Every figure comes from public blockchain endpoints, with no private data. Each chain has a "Verify" link to its explorer, the excluded wallets are listed with their addresses, and the full code that produces these numbers is open-source and re-runs daily in public, with the data history stored in git as an audit trail.

Why do you exclude some wallets, and does staked RIO count?

We exclude balances held in Realio-controlled reserve, treasury, and bridge wallets, because those are not public float, and we list every excluded address so anyone can check. Staked RIO is included, because a holder can unbond it within the seven-day unbonding period and sell it, so it is genuinely part of tradable supply, consistent with standard tracker methodology.

What are RIO, RST, and DSTRX, and what is the "stake" token?

This site tracks RIO, the Realio Network's utility token (fees, staking, rewards). RST is Realio's digital security token, representing equity and profit-sharing in Realio Network. DSTRX belongs to a separate project: Districts, a virtual-world land-ownership platform built on Realio, with a fixed 125M supply, mined by staking RIO to claim land. Realio uses multi-staking, so a validator can be secured by RIO, RST, or DSTRX; the "stake" denom you may see on the chain is a synthetic aggregate of that bonded weight, not a separate reward token. All staking rewards are paid in RIO. We count RIO only.

Who runs this, and is it official?

No, this is an independent, community-led project and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or operated by the Realio team. It is built and maintained by the operator of the Realio Pro Max USA validator, using only public on-chain data. Its only aim is a shared, accurate view of RIO supply, and it openly invites the team to publish the definitive reconciliation.

What are you unsure about?

Several things that only the team can confirm: whether native minting is hard-capped at 175M or can rise through bridging, and the complete bridge ledger of mints and burns across all chains. Where we cannot be certain, we say so rather than guess. If the team publishes data that changes the picture, that data wins and we update.

Help refine the numbers

This is one transparent method, and it gets sharper with scrutiny. Spotted a wallet we have mis-classified, a chain or contract we have missed, or a way to improve the app? Please tell us. Corrections and suggestions are genuinely welcome, and the better the inputs, the better the number.

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Independent & good-faith. realiostats is a community-led project and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or operated by the Realio team. Circulating supply can be measured in more than one legitimate way; this is one transparent, reproducible approach, with its assumptions stated above. Every figure is drawn from public on-chain data and can be checked. Only the Realio team holds the complete bridge records and can publish a definitive number, an invitation we extend openly. Nothing here is financial advice.

RIO circulating supply, counted across every chain